Uterine myomas usually need to be treated when they exceed 4-5 cm in size, 3 or more in number or when they cause trouble. Myoma is not treated with drugs. Although bleeding problems due to uterine myoma can be treated with drugs, the definitive treatment of uterine myoma is surgical removal.          How is a uterine myoma surgically treated? If the myoma protrudes into the inner cavity of the uterus, which is called a submucous myoma, hysteroscopy is performed to remove the myoma in pieces by special endoscopic instruments. This procedure takes a maximum of half an hour. Following hysteroscopic myoma surgery, which can be performed by general or local anesthesia, the patient can go home on the same day, there is no need to stay in hospital. If a uterine myoma is located in the uterine muscular layer, which is called intramural myoma, laparoscopy is the preferred method of surgical removal. Laparoscopy is an endoscopic surgery performed with special instruments and just an overnight hospitalization is enough following laparoscopy. There is no suture in the abdomen, the postoperative pain is less, and the patient can return to his daily life faster after laparoscopic myoma surgery copmpared to open myoma surgery. Occasionally uterine myomas may be numerous, that is more than 4-5 myomas and, the operation takes longer time with laparoscopy. In those cases it may be necessary to remove myomas with open surgery since it may not be possible to remove all the fibroids. However, even in the presence of more that one or two fibroids, laparoscopy might be considered first, endoscopic surgery is the preferred method. Is there a situation that requires removal of uterus during myoma surgery? Very rarely, serious bleeding might occur during surgery and if the bleeding does not stop, it may be necessary to remove the uterus. However, with suture materials used nowadays and medications that provide uterine contraction, such conditions are very rare. It may be appropriate to remove the uterus instead of myoma in women whose age is close to menopause and do not want any children.          Does the uterine myoma reoccur following myoma surgery? Only very small, 1-2 cm fibroids can grow in the future and may require further surgery. However, it may be necessary to remove the uterus in the case of rapid growth, and pathological evaluation is important. Generally, there is no rapid growth in myomas and cancer development. Following myoma surgery 4-6 months of follow-up is usually recommended. In summary, for myoma operations, it is appropriate to remove a uterine myoma with hysteroscopy or laparoscopy depending on the location of the myoma. Myoma operations are now performed with endoscpic techniques and have good results.