POLYCYSTIC OVARY DISEASE

WHAT IS POLYCSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)?

December 21, 2022BANU KUMBAK AYGÜN POLYCYSTIC OVARY DISEASE

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? How is it treated?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or Polycystic Ovary Disease is a gynecological disease caused by hormonal imbalance. We can say that one of every 7 women is the most common gynecological hormonal disorder in women of childbearing age. Young girls may also have polycystic ovary disease, but they are rare. Because the appearance of ovaries in the ultrasonography is like a polycystic ovary, the diagnosis may be confused. However, the most important critical factor in young girls is excess weight and it is appropriate to suspect this disease in young girls who are rapidly gaining weight. Research on why it occurs, blood glucose, insulin metabolism disorders, genetic susceptibility, even though the main problem in the ovaries of a large number of follicles smaller than 1 cm due to the deterioration of the hormonal balance and consequently the excess weight gain and ovulation problem further increases the disease it can also be expressed as a vicious cycle. There are different types of polycystic ovarian disease. In some women, only menstrual irregularities can cause serious problems such as inability to medication, excessive weight, acne, diabetes, high blood pressure in some women. The menstrual irregularity seen in polycystic ovarian disease indicates no spawning or delayed ovulation. Ovulation irregularity is also the cause of infertility problem in polycystic ovary

patients. What Are the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? Polycystic Ovary Disease is actually a metabolic disease that can cause health problems besides gynecological problems. The following signs and symptoms indicate polycystic ovary disease;

– menstrual delay

– Increase in hairiness

– Scoring (Acne)

– Increase in skin lubrication

– Hair loss

– Getting fat

– Infertility

Sometimes, young girls with acne, skin oiling or hair loss goes to the doctor with the complaint, polycystic ovary disease is actually diagnosis. In order to diagnose polycystic ovary disease, the presence of delayed menstruation, overweight or ultrasound examination of the ovaries in the ovarian ovary, ie at least 10 follicles of 1 cm is sufficient. Even some polycystic ovarian patients are weak, only polycystic ovary appearance is

present in ultrasonography. On the other hand, in patients who hesitate, hormone tests can be done in the blood to strengthen the diagnosis.

How is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Treated?

The first thing to be done in the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Disease is to lose weight if there is excess weight and thus break the resistance of insulin. For women who do not have excess weight, they are regulated by using birth control pills or drugs containing daprogesterone. In some women, only drugs to break insulin resistance can regulate the numbers. It will be useful to use the control pills and some hormonal drugs in polycystic ovarian patients with acne or hair problems. In women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, laparoscopic treatment was performed with the opening of small holes in the ovaries. However, this surgical method, called laparoscopic ovarian drilling, has been abandoned today due to the risk of adverse events such as the need for anesthesia and premature ovarian reserve reduction. In polycystic ovarian patients who want to have a child, it is possible to use the pills or needles that stimulate the ovulation and provide the egg development in a controlled manner and for 6-12 months for spontaneous pregnancy. In this period, the probability of pregnancy will increase in women spawned. Of course, the spouse does not have sperm problems should be revealed before. In summary, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disease that causes ovulation problems. The first polycystic ovarian disease should be considered in women with menstrual irregularities and with concomitant pubertalities, or women who are in need of childhood. In the treatment of menstruation and children if there is a request to use drugs that stimulate the ovaries will be appropriate. It should be kept in mind that the most important and the first step in these women is weight gain and exercise at least three days a week.

Banu Kumbak Aygun, M.D., Professor

Gynecology & Obtetrics

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POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE

July 30, 2022BANU KUMBAK AYGÜN POLYCYSTIC OVARY DISEASE

Polycystic ovarian diasease (PCOS), which is the most common hormonal disorder in women, disrupts the menstrual period and hence causes ovulation problems and has a negative effect on the ability to have children. However, there are regularly menstruating PCOS cases.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF PCOS?

The reason is unclear. Multiple factors are effective together. Genetic factors are effective, can be in mother or sister, but it is not an absolute hereditary disease.

HOW CAN I KNOW I HAVE PCOS?

PCOS is strongly thought to be associated with irregular menses, hirsutismus (increased hair amount all over the body) and mostly being overweight. There is no single test to diagnose PCOS. Diagnosis is made by evaluating the patient’s history and complaints, ultrasonographic findings and sometimes blood hormonal tests.

DO PCOS CASES NEED OPERATION?

Cysts in the ovaries are not pathological cysts, they are immature eggs. Therefore, these cysts with dimensions less than 1 cm do not require operation. It doesn’t turn into cancer.

WHICH HORMONAL TESTS ARE DONE IN PCOS?

Assessing blood hormones in PCOS may be valuable to differentiate other hormonal disorders from PCOS. Evaluation of hormones and blood glucose, insulin levels in women with suspected PCOS might be done during initial evaluation.

WHAT IS THE RELATION BETWEEN PCOS AND INSULİN RESISTANCE?

The pathology we call insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS. Therefore, those women usually are overweight. High insulin levels cause the production of androgens which play the key role in acne, hirsutismus, obesity and difficult ovulation seen in women with PCOS.

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND FINDINGS IN WOMEN WITH PCOS?

Irregular or delayed menses, infertility, recurrent miscarriages, hirsutismus, oily skin and acne, rapid weight gain, depression, hypertension, diabetes, increased prolactin hormone levels are all seen in women with PCOS.

WILL IT AFFECT THE WHOLE LIFE OF WOMEN?

Women with PCOS are at increased risk of high blood pressure, vascular occlusion, heart disease, heart attack, diabetes, uterine cancer (endometrial cancer). PCOS can actually become a women’s health problem. Therefore weight control is very important. The first preventive measure in women with PCOS for their future health problems is weight control and exercise.